Mapa de Evidencias
¿Qué es?
El Mapa de Evidencias es una metodología de revisión que permite la sistematización y la representación gráfica de las evidencias analizadas en estudios de revisión en un área o subárea, evaluando el efecto de las intervenciones en los desenlaces de salud. Este mapa presenta los estudios seleccionados en una estructura que relaciona las intervenciones evaluadas con los resultados o desenlaces medidos, destacando visualmente las brechas (donde hay pocos o ningún estudio) y las concentraciones de estudios.
La BIREME/OPS/OMS adaptó y desarrolló una metodología para crear Mapas de Evidencias, basándose en el modelo 3ie Evidence Gap Map y vinculándolos a las fuentes de información de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS).
¿Cómo usarlo?
El Mapa de Evidencias ofrece una visión general y una síntesis gráfica de las evidencias sobre intervenciones terapéuticas para problemas de salud específicos, organizadas en una matriz de intervenciones y resultados. Su desarrollo implica:
- Búsqueda sistemática de documentos en las principales bases de datos.
- Selección de estudios de acuerdo con criterios de inclusión.
- Caracterización de los estudios seleccionados.
El mapa se pone a disposición en una plataforma interactiva en línea, donde los usuarios pueden identificar las evidencias existentes. En la matriz, los círculos en las intersecciones entre intervenciones y resultados representan los estudios identificados. El tamaño del círculo indica el volumen de estudios, mientras que el color indica el nivel de confianza (alto, moderado, bajo, críticamente bajo) según la calificación metodológica de los estudios, utilizando la herramienta AMSTAR 2.
Al pasar el ratón sobre un círculo, se muestra una lista de estudios con enlaces a los textos completos (si están disponibles) o a los registros en la BVS. Es posible filtrar las evidencias por tipo, enfoque en el país, efecto de la intervención (positivo, negativo, etc.) y población.
¿Cómo crear?
El proceso de creación del Mapa de Evidencias involucra varias etapas: planificación, búsqueda sistemática, selección, extracción de datos, categorización de datos, visualización interactiva e informe.
Estos pasos aseguran que el Mapa de Evidencias no solo represente gráficamente la información, sino que también sirva como una herramienta útil para identificar áreas que necesitan más investigaciones y para evitar la duplicación de estudios.
Consulte al lado los detalles de cada etapa...
Curso online Mapas de Evidencias: metodología y aplicación
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do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
';
echo $after_widget;
do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
';
echo $after_widget;
do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
';
echo $after_widget;
do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
';
echo $after_widget;
do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
';
echo $after_widget;
do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
';
echo $after_widget;
do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
';
echo $after_widget;
do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
';
echo $after_widget;
do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
';
echo $after_widget;
do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_after_widget', $args, $instance );
}
/**
* Update widget data
*
* @uses current_user_can()
* @uses wp_filter_post_kses()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $new_instance
* @param mixed[] $old_instance
* @return mixed[]
* @since 0.5
*/
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
$instance = $old_instance;
$instance['title'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['title'] );
if ( current_user_can( 'unfiltered_html' ) ) {
$instance['text'] = $new_instance['text'];
}
else {
$instance['text'] = stripslashes( wp_filter_post_kses( addslashes( $new_instance['text'] ) ) ); // wp_filter_post_kses() expects slashed
}
$instance['type'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['type'] );
$instance['startOpen'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['startOpen'] );
$instance['filter'] = strip_tags( $new_instance['filter'] );
$instance = apply_filters( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_widget_update', $instance, $this );
return $instance;
}
/**
* Output widget form
*
* @uses wp_parse_args()
* @uses apply_filters()
* @uses esc_attr()
* @uses esc_textarea()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_id()
* @uses WP_Widget::get_field_name()
* @uses _e()
* @uses do_action()
* @uses apply_filters()
*
* @param mixed[] $instance
* @return void
* @since 0.5
*/
public function form( $instance ) {
global $wp_customize;
$instance = wp_parse_args( (array) $instance, array( 'title' => '', 'text' => '', 'type' => 'visual' ) );
// Force Visual mode in Customizer (to avoid glitches)
if ( $wp_customize ) {
$instance['type'] = 'visual';
}
// Guess (wpautop) filter value for widgets created with previous version
if ( ! isset( $instance['filter'] ) ) {
$instance['filter'] = $instance['type'] == 'visual' && substr( $instance['text'], 0, 3 ) != '
' ? 1 : 0; } $title = strip_tags( $instance['title'] ); do_action( 'Show_Hide_tinymce_before_editor' ); ?>
BIREME - OPAS - OMS
Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud
Evidencia e Inteligencia para la Acción de Salud - EIH
Rua Vergueiro, 1.759, 12º andar, Paraíso| CEP: 04101-000 | São Paulo - SP, Brasil
Tel: (55 11) 5576-9800 | Fax: (55 11) 5575-8868 - http://www.paho.org/bireme/